The present value of a fixed-payment loan is calculated as the ________ of the present value of all cash flow payments

Suppose the shift from AD0 to AD1 and from AS0 to AS1 is the result of fiscal policy. Which of the policies below could lead to these shifts?

i. An increase in government expenditure ii. A tax cut iii. A decrease in government expenditure iv. A tax hike A) iv only B) i and ii C) i and iv D) i only E) iii and iv

The buying and selling of government bonds by the Fed is known as

a. open market operations b. federal bond operations c. treasury bond operations d. open bonds operations e. discount rate operations