What instrument of economic policy is rarely used in the United States for managing the economy, but instead is used to achieve other economic and social goals?

President Obama’s appointments to the bureaucracy differed from President George W. Bush’s appointments in that ______.

a. President Bush’s appointments were made with policy expertise in mind b. the most important criterion in President Obama’s appointments appears to have been ideology c. President Obama’s appointments were more likely to be made on the basis of policy expertise d. President Bush’s appointees were chosen to strengthen the agencies in carrying out their traditional functions e. President Obama’s appointees were chosen to diminish the traditional missions of the agencies

If you know that 10 members of the group (aside from yourself) are willing to contribute, what should you do?

The following Collective Action scenario applies to the question. Say you belong to a group that has fifty members (N), and in order to get a particular benefit (B. you need fifteen members (K) to contribute. Those who contribute to the provision of the benefit pay a cost (C). Of course, B > C. A. Contribute B. Not contribute