Describe how epigenetics works in the expression of genes. Then, apply this to explaining why the epigenetic profiles of identical twins may become less similar as they age.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Epigenesis is a mechanism in which chemicals such as methyl groups attach to the genes and can control where and when genes get expressed.
2. The DNA code itself is not altered. This occurs based on input from other genes, or from the environment.
3. Biologists and developmental scientists increasingly believe that environmental effects on gene expression may operate partly through epigenesis. There is some evidence that this may be the case.
4. Epigenetic profiles of identical twins may become less similar with age because as twins age, they may have fewer of the same environmental experiences. For instance, one twin may exercise regularly, and the other does not. One twin may begin smoking cigarettes, and the other does not.
5. These different experiences may lead to differences in the epigenetic profile between identical twins.
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