An American citizen's ability to drive a car only with the possession of a valid license may be best described as a

Feelings such as sadness, stress, and fear can be studied by

A) operationally defining a set of procedures for manipulating those feelings. B) practically defining a set of procedures for manipulating those feelings. C) operationally defining a set of procedures for directly observing those feelings. D) They cannot be studied effectively.

Stacy has 4 levels to her independent variable. She has participants in her study complete part A, followed by B, C, and then D. When she analyzes her data, she notices that level D is always different from the rest of the levels

Stacy is most likely encountering what effect? a. order effect b. carryover effect c. practice effect d. alpha effect