By reinforcing children with smiles, hugs, or attention when they repeat things they've heard their parents say, parents are using ________ to shape their children's attitudes
A) instrumental conditioning
B) observational learning
C) positive regard
D) the zone of proximal development
E) classical conditioning
Answer: A
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In the Nature vs. Nurture debate, Morgan falls strictly on the side of ‘nurture'. Which of the following statements about human personality might Morgan be most inclined to agree with?
a. There is no such thing as ‘personality', but instead we merely demonstrate learned responses, or habits, that make it look like we have a personality. b. Each person has free will, so we have the ability to choose whatever personality we think will bring us the best outcomes. c. We are all born as blank slates, and the personality we develop is a function of our environments and surroundings. d. We are all born with the personality that we will develop, and our surroundings cannot change it.
In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________
a. dependent variable b. control variable c. independent variable d. hypothetical variable