Identify the four special circumstances in which researchers can be more confident in drawing conclusions about time order when using cross-sectional data.
What will be an ideal response?
The independent variable is fixed at some point prior to the variation in the dependent variable; researchers believe that respondents can give them reliable reports of what happened to them or what they thought at some earlier point in time; measures are based on the records that contain information on cases in earlier periods; researchers know that the value of the dependent variable was similar for all cases prior to the treatment.
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A measurement can be valid for one purpose, but may not for another
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Texas’s environmental policies tend to be less strict than those found in other states. What is it about Texas politics and culture that explains this?
What will be an ideal response?