A method for studying developmental studies by reconstructing people's pasts through interviews and inferring the effects of past events on current behaviors is a ______ study

Professor Smith conceptualizes personality as a limited number of traits that everyone has to some degree. People can be compared on these traits—that is, some people may be high on one trait, some average, some low. As described in lecture, Professor Smith is using a ____________ approach to personality

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

For the following sample of n = 8 scores, what is the value of the range? 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10

a. 8 b. 7 c. 10 d. 5