The Herfindahl index is the sum of the squared market shares of the four largest firms in an industry

How does advertising signal to consumers that the product is a good one?

a. By seeing famous people using the product, consumers infer that they too can be famous. b. By being willing to spend money on advertising, firms let consumers know the product is likely a good one since firms would not likely advertise a poor product. c. By making consumers laugh during commercials, firms are associating positive experiences with the product. d. Without allowing consumers to actually use the product, it is not possible for firms to signal to consumers the product's quality.

A consumer's budget constraint is determined by:

A. a consumer's income. B. a consumer's income and preferences. C. a consumer's income and the prices of the goods she buys. D. a consumer's preferences and the prices of the goods she buys.