With reference to three of the musical genres covered in the chapter, discuss the functions of music in Indonesia (include one popular music genre and at least one gamelan genre).?

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ANSWER:
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• Javanese gamelan music can be used for informal listening pleasure, accompaniment of solo and ensemble dances, dance dramas, and shadow puppetry.
• Balinese gamelan gong kebyar is often used in religious rituals, may accompany dance (but not shadow puppetry), and is often intended for aesthetic enjoyment purely as music, for its originality and expressive contrasts.
• Batak Gendang Keteng-keteng can be used for entertainment, but also for rituals, including rituals in which a religious officiant facilitates communication with the spirit world of the ancestors.
• Dangdut music relies on its infectious beat to stimulate social dancing. Its lyrics often deal with issues of romantic love, but may also address social injustice and Islamic themes.
• The music of Krakatau, with its sophisticated mix of indigenous Sundanese (West Javanese) gamelan, fusion jazz, and pop, is intended for listening appreciation and to communicate beyond Indonesia's urban elite to international audiences.
• Gigi's Indonesian pop music is purely entertainment music, intended for audiences who may dance or listen casually. Though this band has concentrated on developing a highly crafted rock sound that would probably appeal to youth anywhere in the world, its fan base is limited mostly to Indonesians (nationwide) due to their use of Indonesian language lyrics.
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