Brinley is taking an online psychology class and must communicate with his classmates through a discussion board. Although Brinley is typically levelheaded, he often gets involved in conflict with his classmates when posting on the discussion board. What does Brinley's conduct exemplify?

In a 2001 decision, the Supreme Court held that the regulation of cigarette advertising is federally preempted. The case:

a) Mangini v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.; b) U.S. v. United Foods, Inc.; c) Penn Advertising v. Schmoke; d) FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco; e) Lorillard Tobacco v. Reilly.

A newspaper photographer has taken a disturbing picture of a fatal accident caused by a drunk driver. The paper’s photographer and editor decide to run the photo, despite the pain it will cause the family of the people in the accident, because they feel that it will lead to people doing more to prevent drunk driving and perhaps save some lives. When they make this ethical decision to put the good of the public at large over the needs of the victim’s family, they are making use of which of the following ethical principles?

A. Kant’s categorical imperative B. Aristotle’s golden mean C. Rawls’s veil of ignorance D. John Stuart Mill’s principle of utility