The fee that insurance companies collect in exchange for covering unpredictable costs is called a:

Refer to the diagram. Which of the following would be consistent with an increase in racial prejudice against African Americans and thus an increase in the discrimination coefficients of employers, taken as a group?

A.  A shift in the labor demand curve from D 2 to D 3 .
B.  A shift in the labor demand curve from D 2 to D 1 .
C.  An increase in African-American employment from Q 2 to Q 3 .
D.  An increase in the African-American wage rage from W 1 to W 2 .

The effect of a Pigovian tax on a market is:

A. increased price and reduced quantity to the efficient level. B. decreased price and increased quantity to the efficient level. C. increased price and quantity to the efficient level. D. decreased price and quantity to the efficient level.