Which of the following contributed to the increase in income inequality among families in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s?
a. an increase in the highest marginal tax rates that forced high income earners to work more in order to maintain their income
b. an increase in the proportion of both single-parent and dual-earner families
c. a decrease in the size of the earnings differential between college graduates and high school graduates
d. all of the above
B
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Needs-tested spending is defined as
A) spending by the President on the White House. B) spending on programs for people qualified to receive benefits. C) spending that increases in expansions and decreases in recessions. D) taxes paid by those qualified by their income. E) spending by Congress on its own perks of office.
Which of the following does not describe governmental policy actions that are helpful in supporting growth in an economy? Governmental policies that
A) provide secure rights to private property. B) establish an independent court system that enforces contracts. C) facilitate the development of an efficient financial system. D) avoid playing any role in developing communication systems.