Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation occurred even before the food was placed in the dog's mouth—at the sight of the food dish

Suppose you are a participant in a psychology experiment in which the researcher randomly assigns some participants to steal money. Later, the researcher uses a polygraph to determine which participants "stole" the money and which are innocent

At the end of the experiment, the researcher says he "knows you stole the money." Because you are knowledgeable about the use of polygraphs, how do you respond? a) "You know my brain was producing delta waves." b) "The reason this works is the fear of receiving electric shocks." c) "The polygraph can reveal more about me than I know myself." d) "You know I was aroused for some reason, but you do not know why."

Carrie, age 8, has high social self-esteem. Which of the following statements most likely applies to Carrie?

A) She is perceived to be a bit snobbish by her classmates. B) She outperforms the majority of her classmates in schoolwork. C) She tends to be well-liked by her classmates. D) She often gets other classmates into trouble.