Research techniques based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables are known as the ______ method

Marcy is trying to define anxiety in a way that can be measured. She is attempting to find an appropriate _____

a) independent variable. b) operational definition. c) causal hypothesis. d) theory.

Which of the following types of learning extends beyond basic conditioning into the realms of memory, thinking, problem solving, and language?

a. operant learning b. instrumental learning c. cognitive learning d. Pavlovian cognition