When investigators conduct research that results in nonsignificant differences between groups, but random error obscured real differences that actually exist, that researcher is a victim of

a. exact replication.
b. construct invalidity.
c. nonrepeatable differences.
d. Type II error.

33 Replicating research so we can develop more confidence in our measurement and understanding of complex and abstract concepts helps us
a. increase our construct validity.
b. avoid both Type I and Type II errors.
c. perform replication with extension.
d. develop conceptual replication.

A