When the Supreme Court issues rulings on whether an agency has conformed substantively and procedurally to the law’s guidelines, it is an example of what kind of authority?

Basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance is called retrospective voting.

a. true b. false

Theorists suggesting that the future of world politics may resemble feudalism, only with a digital or information revolution-oriented slant, suggest this because they believe __________

a. states will continue to exist, but individuals will cease to identify with them, instead identifying with members of an array of digital groups or networks b. the basic importance of states will not change, but people’s lives will be enriched by new sources of identity, many of them gained through digital or virtual citizenship. c. countries will cease to exist as they now stand, and will instead become more information network-oriented, competing for the loyalty of citizens with newer networks d. states will still exist, but will be forced to compete for loyalty in a digital era—with other communities, as well as networks to which individuals have contractual relations.