Who is credited with pioneering the principles of the scientific approach to management?

In terms of workers' dress and appearance in the U.S.,

a. dress codes are illegal because of the Equal Employment laws. b. employers under some circumstances, can legally hire for certain characteristics such as gender if there are legitimate BFOQs (bona fide occupational qualifications c. certain provisions of appearance codes such as prohibiting facial hair on men, can sometimes be considered religious discrimination. d. b & c

"No matter which nation a person belongs to, people's inherent needs and requirements are essentially the same." - Do you agree with this statement? How relevant is this statement in the context of marketing?

What will be an ideal response?