Elizabeth is 4 years old, and she likes to help her mother when it is time for supper. However, her mother is often quick tempered at the end of the day, scolding Elizabeth when she tries to help
Her mother finds she can get things done more quickly if Elizabeth stays out of the way. Based on Erikson's theory, Elizabeth may develop:
a) a general sense of mistrust.
b) feelings of guilt.
c) feelings of inferiority.
d) feelings of despair.
ANS: B, Elizabeth is in the Eriksonian stage of initiative versus guilt. Elizabeth's mom is unfortunately nudging her toward the "guilt" end.
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When you approach a problem-solving situation by asking a group to produce as many ideas as possible without criticism, you are
a. maximizing a cognitive set. b. encouraging groupthink. c. reducing the tendency toward creativity. d. encouraging brainstorming.
Which of these most accurately describes how medical costs interact with life expectancy in the United States today?
A) ?People with chronic conditions incur more medical costs than older people. B) ?Older Americans today have poorer health than older Americans in the past. C) ?Older Americans today represent more of Americans with chronic diseases. D) ?Medical costs are due to more people living longer, not to chronic diseases.