Instinct theory most clearly assumes that behavior is influenced by:

One of the most consistent and best-documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is

A. low birth weight. B. mental retardation. C. abnormal facial features. D. the infant experiences nicotine withdrawal.

Even when results are mostly a matter of luck, leaders get credit for success and blame for failure. This reaction is an example of what?

a. Retrograde amnesia b. Retroactive interference c. Hindsight bias d. Encoding specificity