Which of the following is NOT one of Belsky's ecological risk factors for child abuse?

Which statement best answers the question, "Do environmental factors cause schizophrenia?"

a. "Concordance rates are less than 50 percent in identical twins, and therefore, environmental factors must play a causal role." b. "Environmental factors such as poor family communication are usually caused by schizophrenia, not the other way around." c. "There is little evidence that environmental factors contribute to the disorder." d. "If environmental influences play a causal role, it is probably in adulthood, close to the time when symptoms first appear."

As children undergo the cognitive developments of middle childhood, their self-concepts focus exclusively on concrete external traits, such as appearance, activities, and living situations.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)