____________ reinforcement occurs when you escape from something unpleasant

According to Michael Dawson in the Embedded and Situated Cognition paper, why does the shape of the bat's ear matter?

a. The shape causes returning echoes to strike the ear at different angles of entry, producing specific distortions of the auditory signal that aid sound localization b. The shape is due to the bat's auditory nucleus of the brain which allows for flexible changes in the auditory signal space c. The shape of the bats ear allows it to ward off predators that might otherwise create distracting alarm calls d. Changing shape of the ears can adjust the loudness of the auditory signal as it enters the auditory canal

What birthing procedure involves removing the fetus from the uterus surgically?

a. fetalectomy b. vaginal birth c. cesarean birth d. Episiotomy