List the five subtypes of specific phobias and give an example of the focus of fear for each one
What will be an ideal response?
As specified in DSM-5, common types of specific phobias in young people include fears of animals or insects (e.g., dogs or spiders); fears of natural events (e.g., heights or thunderstorms); fears of blood, injuries, or medical procedures (e.g., seeing blood or receiving an injection); and fears of specific situations (e.g., flying in airplanes, riding on a bus). Both similarities (e.g., age at onset, gender, treatment response) and differences (e.g., focus of fear, physiological reaction, neural response patterns, impairment, comorbidity) have been found across these types, with natural environment and animal phobias having the most in common with other types, and blood, injury, and injection phobias the least (LeBeau et al., 2010; Lueken et al., 2011).
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In a famous research report, a number of hypnotically age-regressed individuals were able to remember the day of the week on which their 4th or 10th birthday occurred. What question would a psychological detective have asked about the study before accepting the results as indicating that hypnotic age regression had occurred?
a) How old were the research participants?
b) Were any of the children diagnosed as suffering a psychological disorder?
c) Were the research participants sufficiently relaxed when the study began?
d) Would the same results have occurred if the researcher was not a proponent of hypnosis?
How does the number of deaths due to legal drugs compare to the number of deaths from illegal drugs in the U.S.?
a) The number of deaths is roughly equal. b) Legal drugs such as alcohol account for far more deaths. c) Illegal drugs account for far more deaths than legal drugs. d) It is difficult to make this judgment because most such deaths involve multiple drugs.