The number of metagrumblers in a community is a good measure of the degree of enlightenment among its members

Which of the following situations is most likely to be associated with the development of a panic attack?

a. Al was out walking his dog when another dog barked loudly. b. When Al was four years old, he almost drowned at the beach. c. Al misinterpreted a sudden increase in his heart rate as evidence of a heart attack. d. Al feels constantly on edge as a result of a long list of worries at work and at home.

Dr. Willis believes that development is a never-ending transaction involving reciprocal exchanges between the child and his or her environment. Thus, in studying cases of extremely premature infants, Dr. Willis would likely be interested in

a. the effects of the mother's care-giving style upon the infant. b. the effects of the infant's physical appearance upon the mother's care-giving style. c. the immediate effects of the infant's physical appearance upon the mother's emotional state, and subsequently upon the father's emotional well-being. d. the cyclical effects of the infant's condition upon the mother's care-giving style and the effects of that style upon the infant as well.