Discuss the role of judicial review in relation to administrative agencies

Judicial review is the process by which courts examine governmental action. Judicial review is ordinarily available only for final agency action and to parties with standing. In exercising judicial review, the court may compel agency action unlawfully withheld or set aside agency action that was impermissible. The court must review the whole record and may set aside agency action only if the error is prejudicial. When conducting a review, a court decides all relevant questions of law, including whether the agency exceeded its authority, whether it properly interpreted applicable law, whether it violated the constitution or acted contrary to procedural requirements of the law. Questions of fact are also reviewed, using one of three standards: arbitrary and capricious, substantial evidence, or unwarranted by the facts.