From a sample of 25 items, a sample standard deviation of 4.56 ounces was just measured. What value should be used for the population standard deviation?

A practitioner's "working theory" represents which one of the following?

A. An idea of what has to be done to achieve a desired outcome B. A proposition presented in a scholarly research journal

In the performance planning stage, the term "results" refers to what?

A. Customer reactions B. Ratings that result from performance C. Customer complaints resulting from performance D. Outcomes an employee must produce