Which of the following is NOT one of the constraints on a president's ability to plan a program?
A) risk of adverse reaction
B) limited time and attention span
C) an unexpected crisis
D) foreign heads of state
E) most federal programs can only be changed marginally
D
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While expanded federal programs are often popular for Americans, this much larger bureaucracy suffers during a downturn in economic growth, such as was experienced in the 1970s. Why does an economic downturn create such challenges?
A) There are fewer citizens for the bureaucracy to serve. B) Economic downturns often create federal budget deficits that make it very difficult to continue supporting a large bureaucracy. C) State governments begin to take away the federal government's role in providing social benefits. D) Downturns in the economy always create international tensions that require a stronger military presence, which in turn drains off available resources. E) As the U.S. Constitution requires a balanced budget, the federal government must eliminate agencies when income decreases.
Marble cake federalism is also known as ______ federalism.
a. original b. cooperative c. culinary d. post hoc