Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be __________

James is a researcher examining the effects of vitamin D deficiency on mood

Based on everything he has read, he speculates that if an individual has a low vitamin D level, then he/she may experience changes in mood. James's speculation can also be described as a _____ a) causal hypothesis. b) school of thought. c) theory. d) psychological perspective.

Cross-cultural research indicates that

A) the situations in which adults encourage various self-conscious emotions vary from culture to culture. B) in collectivist cultures, most children are taught to feel pride over personal achievement. C) expressions of basic emotions differ widely from culture to culture, but expressions of self-conscious emotions are universal. D) in individualistic cultures, most children are taught to feel embarrassment over personal achievement.