Your father was born in 1957, and you're curious about how your grandfather felt while he was in the delivery room. Unfortunately, he tells you he can't be much help. Why not?

a. Fathers were almost always excluded from childbirth.
b. Nurses were excluded from childbirth.
c. Physicians were excluded from childbirth.
d. Midwives were excluded from childbirth.

A. Prior to the 1960s, fathers were excluded from childbirth. By the late 1970s the majority of fathers were present when their partners gave birth.