Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______

Bethany, age 3, spends, a large amount of time engaged in make-believe play

Her parents are especially concerned because Bethany has a pair of imaginary mice that she talks to and talks about. Bethany's grandmother believes that this is a sign of maladjustment. What can you tell Bethany's parents and grandmother that might ease their minds? What will be an ideal response?

John considers himself to be a professional gambler and only a part­time truck driver

He has "won big" several times in his life, but his wife remembers the times that she had to rely on help from her parents just to feed and clothe their children because of John's "big losses." However, John keeps gambling because he tends to focus on the "wins" and not on the "losses." John is exhibiting which of the cognitive distortions that lead to a gambling addiction? a. luck as a trait b. the gambler's fallacy c. attribution errors d. selective memory