The Abadan crisis was a result of Iran's decision to nationalize oil resources in 1950

How does Gilpin explain the rise to prominence of multinational corporations?

a. They serve the interests of the United States, the most dominant power when they rose to prominence. b. They are an inevitable by-product of the erosion of the primacy of the nation-state in international relations. c. They result from the absence of a dominant political power bending the international economy to its will. d. They result from a largely unfettered international economic system that pursues global welfare rather than national interest. e. They arose spontaneously, owing to the operation of an "invisible hand" that dictated that such institutions provided the best means for exploiting the world's scarce resources.

How many votes are needed to pass an initiative or approve a recall?

A. simple majority (50%+1) B. plurality (most votes) C. two-thirds supermajority D. three-fifths supermajority