Describe longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs. What are strengths and weaknesses of each design?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer will include the following key points:
• Longitudinal: One group of children is tested repeatedly as they develop.
o Strength: Only way to chart an individual's development and look at the stability of behavior
over time.
o Weakness: Expensive, participants drop out, and repeated testing can distort performance.
• Cross-sectional: Children of different ages are tested at the same time.
o Strength: Convenient, inexpensive, don't have participant drop-out because they're seen at only one time, don't have repeated testing effects.
o Weakness: Cannot study stability of behavior; cohort effects complicate interpretation of differences between groups.
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Which of the following statement regarding LTP are MOST likely true
a. it is only a lab (or experimental) phenomenon b. hippocampla LTP is permanent c. cortical LTPis responsible for long-term memory d. only mammals exhibit LTP
Research on the effects of stress on the immune system suggests which of the following?
a) The immune system is not affected by stress. b) Only certain types of stressors affect the immune system. c) Suppression of immune system functioning by stress always ends immediately after the stressful period ends. d) Suppression of immune system functioning by stress can apparently continue even after the stress itself is over.