When refuting her opponent's argument, Tia says, "My opponent's position is that tax dollars should be increased." Which step of the refutational strategy is she completing?

An investigative reporter for a highly credible news magazine strongly believes that

government and citizens alike must better address global warming. He does not want to alienate officials or the general public, but he believes the matter is one they should contemplate and correct, in the interest of all life. What should he do? A) Switch topics to avoid telling the audience something they don't want to hear B) Not pursue the topic since he will deliberately alienate his audience C) Pursue the topic, providing strong evidence and argument, presented respectfully D) Pursue a related topic, such as how planting trees is good for the environment

The statement: "I enjoyed my vacation in Guatemala at the end of last month" illustrates that

a. the speaker believes Guatemala is the best place to travel at any time of the year. b. the speaker's beliefs, attitudes, and emotions related to traveling in Guatemala may change over time. c. abstract rather than concrete details are preferred in this conversation. d. Guatemala is an excellent vacation spot no matter the time of year. e. utilizing allness language is an effective strategy for improving my communication competence.