Mansa and her mother were playing a game. Mansa pointed to a block several feet away. Pointing and gesturing helps an infant to

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions in middle childhood is true?

A) Children feel guilty only if an adult or peer is present to witness their transgressions. B) Children feel guilty for any mishap, including those that are accidental. C) Pride motivates children to take on further challenges, whereas guilt prompts them to strive for self-improvement. D) Children rarely feel guilty for cheating or lying unless they are caught or punished for their behavior.

According to the article Boll ldface Letters about children's attributions for their own behavior, when helpless children succeed at a task they are likely to interpret this result as _____

(a) effort paying off (b) luck or chance (c) the first in a series of successes (d) skill that needs more work in the future