Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. A nomothetic causal explanation is deterministic.
2. A counterfactual situation is a hypothetical one, in which researchers must estimate what the situation would have been in the absence of variation in the independent variable.
3. Idiographic causal explanations seek to specify which conditions led to a particular outcome in a particular case or event.
4. Association in causal explanations requires that variables vary together.
5. Randomization is a technique used to ensure spuriousness in experimental designs.

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False