A decrease in nominal incomes cause a:
a. rightward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve.
b. leftward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve.
c. rightward shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve.
d. leftward shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve.
a
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A firm that is first to the market with a new product frequently discovers that there are design flaws or problems with the product that were not anticipated. How do these problems affect the innovating firm?
A) The firm is protected by a first-mover advantage: initial design flaws tend not to harm a firm significantly because consumers resist changing products for fear of incurring high switching costs. B) They reduce profits for the new innovations and open the door to competitors who can enter the new market with a better product. C) The firm's cost increases as it improves the product but it will not be able to raise its price for fear of alienating customers. Consequently, its profits will erode although its market share remains secure. D) Because these design flaws were not anticipated, consumers tend to be more forgiving and are likely to remain loyal to the company and its products.
Other things being constant, countries with higher rates of saving
a. will have smaller GDPs than countries with lower rates of saving. b. will have higher rates of investment, but slower growth. c. will have higher rates of investment and growth. d. will be operating at less than full employment and potential output.