Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that __________

a) the CS substitutes for the US.
b) there is a biological readiness for conditioning to occur between the CS and US.
c) the CS has to provide information about the coming of the US.
d) reinforcement must occur by providing a pleasant event.

c

Psychology

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Internal standards used to judge stimuli are referred to as

a. adaptation level. b. context. c. intuition. d. frames of reference.

Psychology

Which controversial treatment is considered by many clinicians to be an effective for treating profound depression?

a. ECT b. CBT c. MAOIs d. RET

Psychology