Constitutionally, all U.S. states are required to have bicameral legislatures

The confounding variable hypothesis suggests

A) differences are due to the independent variable. B) statistically significant differences may be due to extraneous variables. C) the null hypothesis is rejected. D) causality can be inferred at the differential level of constraint.

Which of the following are the most important variables influencing decision-making on the individual level of analysis?

a. Personal beliefs and personality attributes b. Interest groups c. Supporters, friends and family d. Ideology e. Religion