When a teenager studies specifically to avoid his or her parents' disapproval, then his or her attitude toward studying is most likely a result of

Operant conditioning is the procedure by which a change in the consequences of a response will affect the rate at which the response occurs

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Which statement about children of parents with substance-related disorders is true?

a. These children are less likely to develop a substance-related disorder. b. These children are more likely to develop alcoholism, but less likely to become smokers. c. These children are more likely to become smokers, but less likely to develop alcoholism. d. These children are more likely to develop a substance-related disorder.