Long-run economic growth (meaning the economy's average annual rate of growth over an extended period is greater than zero) is depicted by a(n)

Under purely flexible exchange rates,

A) there is no intervention by the domestic fiscal or monetary authorities to specifically target the nominal exchange rate. B) there is only occasional intervention by the domestic fiscal or monetary authorities to specifically target the nominal exchange rate. C) the domestic fiscal and monetary authorities retain considerable flexibility to prevent short-run variability in the nominal exchange rate. D) the domestic fiscal and monetary authorities retain considerable flexibility to prevent long-run variability in the nominal exchange rate.

To enforce the optimum level of emissions, a government could set an emissions fee, which would be

A) the dollar value indicated by the intersection of the MSB and MCA curves, and would apply to every unit of pollutants the firm emitted. B) the dollar value indicated by the intersection of the MSB and MCA curves, and would apply to every unit of pollutants the firm emitted above the standard. C) the vertical intercept of the MSB curve. D) the vertical intercept of the MCA curve. E) the vertical distance between the intercepts of the MSB curve and the MCA curve.