Douglas believes that females are more polite and respectful than males. He easily recalls examples of this and constantly points out situations to others that support this belief. However, he often ignores evidence to the contrary. Douglas's belief about gender differences in socially appropriate behavior is maintained through

The school is concerned about Jim, a first grader with ADHD, because he requires constant supervision to keep him from disrupting classroom activities. A behavior modification program is instituted to help Jim behave more appropriately.In one aspect of the program, when Jim finishes his seatwork, he receives a token which can be turned in later for a reward from his parents. This is called

a. negative reinforcement b. positive reinforcement c. primary reinforcement d. stimulus control

In a drug experiment, all participants are given the same instructions, and everyone gets a pill or injection with the participants in the experimental group receiving the experimental drug, and those in the control group receiving a placebo. Although the experimenter knows which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control group, the subjects themselves do not know who is

in which group or who received the real drug and who the placebo. This experimenter is using a. a double-blind study to control for researcher bias. b. a single-blind study to control for research participant bias. c. random selection to control the extraneous variables. d. random assignment to control the dependent variables.