Describe and give an example of each of the following intuitive thinking errors: (a) representativeness heuristic, (b) ignoring the base rate, (c) framing, and (d) emotion

What will be an ideal response?

Answer will include that (a) some faulty conclusions are based on the representativeness heuristic, that is, we tend to give a choice greater weight if it seems to be representative of what we already know, a pre-existing mental category. For example, a young single male from a poor neighborhood would be more likely to be judged guilty of theft than a middle-aged married father from an affluent suburb. (b) Another common error in judgment involves ignoring the base rate, or the underlying probability of an event occurring. People who smoke, drink and drive, or skip wearing seat belts ignore the high odds of injury or illness. (c) The way a problem is stated, or framed, also affects decisions. For example, whether a food is 80 percent fat-free or 20 percent fat can influence one's decision to buy the food.