Active, happy babies and passive, unresponsive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant's temperament phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of?

To psychologists, motivation refers to ________

a. a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water. b. a process in which an individual sets goals in order to increase his or her competence and skills. c. an inferred process within a person or animal that causes that organism to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation. d. movement through a hierarchy of needs, beginning with survival needs for sleep, food, and water and reaching needs for self-actualization.

Why is it important to know how the facts supporting a claim were derived?

a) Psychologists do not use scientific research methods. b) Psychologists prefer casual observation over research. c) Psychologists prefer research over casual observation. d) The method used to derive facts is not important because any method can be the basis for cause-and-effect statements.