A student notices that a classmate is praised by the teacher for asking questions in class. The student then begins asking questions also. The student is exhibiting learning through
a. vicarious punishment.
b. vicarious reinforcement.
c. the application of cognitive maps.
d. response deprivation theory.
Answer: b. vicarious reinforcement.
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The research of Jones and Kohler demonstrated that people are generally more motivated to:
a. believe they are right, rather than to actually be right. b. be right, rather than simply believe they are right. c. have others believe they are right, rather than actually being right. d. be rational, rather than simply subjective.
Elizabeth Loftus managed to implant memories of being lost in a mall in a group of adults. What is the problem with choosing being lost in the mall as a scenario for implanting false memories?
a) Most people have been lost in a mall at some point in their lives so the implanted memory might be an actual memory. b) It is such a common scenario that it was impossible to implant in people's minds. c) Being lost in a mall is not a plausible scenario for too many people to make the study reliable. d) Being lost in the mall does not provoke anxiety so it is not a good substitute for more traumatic scenarios such as sexual abuse.