The statistical analysis of economic phenomena is defined as:

Crowding out refers to

A) increases in consumption, investment, or net exports caused by an increase in government purchases. B) increases in tax revenues associated with increases in tax rates. C) reductions in tax revenues associated with increases in tax rates. D) decreases in consumption, investment, or net exports caused by an increase in government purchases.

John Maynard Keynes described periods of irrational pessimism and optimism that affect the investment behavior of firms as animal spirits. When considering the investment behavior of firms, animal spirits can be thought of as changes in the

A) actual marginal product of capital. B) capital stock. C) expected marginal product of capital. D) user cost of capital.