A characteristic that first shows up in the concrete operations stage is _______

Which child would Adler predict is most likely to become a criminal in adulthood?

A) Brent was born to a single mother who didn't really want him or have time for him. He never even knew his father, and he grew up feeling rejected by his parents. B) Joyce was often ill as a child, and she had to stay indoors a lot. Although her parents played with her and tried to make her life enjoyable, she didn't have very many friends her own age. C) Aaron was adopted when he was only two weeks old and considers his adoptive family to be his "true" family. He grew up in a small community where everyone knew everyone else; he grew up feeling that his role in society was important. D) Marie was born into a big family, but since she was the youngest and the only girl, her parents favored her. Her brothers sometimes picked on her, but she could always run to Mom for protection and comfort. E) Shirley was an outgoing child who was always busy. She was an only child, and unplanned, since her parents had been told they could never have children. She was the "apple of her parents' eyes" and was quite spoiled throughout childhood.

In order to reduce cognitive dissonance, people may change their attitude, change their behavior, add consonant thoughts, change the importance of the dissonant thoughts, or reduce the amount of perceived choice they have

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false