Reliability means that the measurement
a. actually measures the targeted variable.
b. is free from any confounding factors.
c. is stable over time or across observers.
d. has real validity.
C
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Regarding popular culture, which of the following is NOT one of the changes?
a. Today's television dramas are more simplistic and require less problemsolving than the dramas in television's past. b. Popular media content is too violent and sexual in nature. c. Players of video games must figure out the rules of the games themselves with some players even writing complex game instructions and sharing with others. d. Early video games only offered simple, repetitive visual experiences, while today's games can take many hours of intense problem-solving.
Barbara has discovered that participating in a health club satisfies many motivations, including the
need for exercise and social motivation. This is an example of A) short-circuiting. B) an ability trait. C) the master sentiment. D) confluence learning.