The relational model was first proposed in 1970 by E. F. Codd at IBM

Ainsworth is a toy manufacturer based in Australia. Which of the following most likely indicates that Ainsworth is following a diversification strategy?

A) Ainsworth increases its spending on advertising and promotion. B) Ainsworth acquires the rights to manufacture toys resembling a popular cartoon character. C) Ainsworth introduces its toys in the Indian and South-East Asian markets. D) Ainsworth enters the U.S. market with a line of children's clothing. E) Ainsworth develops a new line of educational toys targeting its current market.

Briefly describe the reasons why incorporating word-of-mouth into promotional efforts poses a unique challenge to a firm's marketing efforts. Why is word-of-mouth a powerful tool?

What will be an ideal response?