If statistical analyses show that the difference between condition means is no larger than would be expected on the basis of error variance alone, a researcher will
a. accept the null hypothesis
b. reject the null hypothesis
c. fail to reject the null hypothesis
d. reject the experimental hypothesis
e. both a and d
C
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How does the interest group system differ from the electoral system?
a. Interest groups offer more direct representation of citizens' policy preferences than electoral politics. b. Electoral politics offer more direct representation of citizens' policy preferences than interest groups. c. Interest groups represent geographically defined constituencies, whereas the electoral system represents ideological and issue constituencies. d. A single interest group represents many different interests, whereas an elected official provides concentrated and direct representation of one set of interests.
Negative campaigning occurs when candidates engage in
A) taking the lofty, nonpartisan approach. B) discussing the issues and not personalities. C) making personal attacks on their opponents. D) attempting to change the minds of the voters. E) referring to foreign policy mistakes.