When Stanley is afraid of meeting a woman, he finds an excuse to run off by himself. The immediate effect of running away is to make him feel less anxious and more at ease. Stanley's behavior illustrates the ____
a. role of negative reinforcers in avoidance behavior
b. fact that shaping can result in maladjusted behavior
c. role of partial reinforcement in abnormal behavior
d. power of positive reinforcement
A
Psychology
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