Hypotension, swelling, compression of the cord or injury to the cord from movement of a damaged and unstable spinal column is:

A hypotonic solution:

A) Can cause shrinking of red blood cells. B) Can cause swelling of blood cells. C) Has the same concentration as red blood cells. D) Minimizes patient discomfort and red blood cell damage.

The practice of physician participation in education, equipment selection, and development of protocols for EMS systems is best described by which of the following terms?

a. Administrative interface b. Medical conscience c. Medical direction d. Physician extension